Health – Page 6 – Centre for Family Health Initiative

SPEAK WEDNESDAY

Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Health, Speak Wednesday, WHO, Women's Rights / cfhinitiative

Closing the Gender Wealth Gap to End Violence Against Women

Economic justice is the key to safety, health, and empowerment for women worldwide. Every Wednesday, we raise our voices to challenge injustice, and today we confront one of the most entrenched roots of gender-based violence: economic inequality. The gender wealth gap isn’t just a financial statistic; it’s a silent enabler of abuse, a barrier to freedom, and a public health emergency.

Globally, women earn less than men for the same work³, own less property, have limited access to leadership⁴and fewer financial safety nets¹. This economic disparity creates a cycle of dependency that heightens exposure to violence and limits the ability to escape abusive environments. In Nigeria, for instance, the Minister of Women Affairs recently emphasized that closing the gender gap could add ₦15 trillion to the country’s GDP annually by 2025²^, underscoring the economic potential of gender equity.

These issues are persistent and global. In the EU, despite the “Women on Boards” directive aiming for 40% female representation by 2026, progress is slow. Women currently hold only 35% of non-executive roles and 21% of senior executive positions ⁴. This is despite evidence from a 2025 report showing that companies with greater gender diversity are 25% more likely to be more profitable³. In sectors like tech and finance, women continue to report being passed over for promotions, excluded from decision-making, and subjected to gender-based microaggressions, which stifles their economic advancement⁴.

Call To Action

To end violence against women, we must invest in their economic power. As outlined in a UN Women 2025 advocacy paper, closing the funding gap in programs that support survivors and prevent violence is critical¹. We call on Governments, NGOs, and private sector to collaborate on expanding access to education and vocational training, supporting women-led businesses and financial literacy programs, funding essential services for survivors, including shelters, legal aid, and healthcare, and advocating for and enforcing equal pay and robust workplace protections.

At the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI), we are committed to this work. Through collaborations with partners like the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN), Caritas Nigeria, FCT Social Development Secretariat (SDS), TY Danjuma Foundation (TYDF), and Global Philanthropy Alliance (GPA), we have empowered over 2500 women and girls with education, vocational training, business start-up kits, and financial support.

Financial inequality isn’t just unfair; it’s dangerous. It limits women’s choices, increases health risks, and perpetuates cycles of violence and poverty. Empowering women economically is not merely a matter of justice; it is the essential foundation for building safer, healthier societies for all.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

References

UN Women. Closing the funding gap to end violence against women and girls [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 21]. Available from: https://knowledge.unwomen.org/sites/default/files/2025-06/closing-the-funding-gap-to-end-violence-against-women-and-girls-en.pdf
The Guardian Nigeria. Closing gender gap will add ₦15tr to Nigeria’s GDP by 2025 [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 21]. Available from: https://guardian.ng/news/closing-gender-gap-will-add-n15tr-to-nigerias-gdp-by-2025/
Women in the workplace 2025: Research and trends [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 21]. Available from: https://www.wellable.co/blog/women-in-the-workplace-2025-research-and-trends

IMD. Gender inequality in the workplace: Why it persists? [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 21]. Available from: https://www.imd.org/research-knowledge/articles/gender-inequality-in-the-workplace-why-it-persists/

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST: OVERVIEW OF BREAST CANCER

Gender, Health, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Overview of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and life-altering diseases affecting millions globally. Despite significant advances in detection and treatment, it continues to pose a major public health challenge.

Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the cells of the breast. It occurs when breast cells mutate and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass of tissue. These cells can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream—a process known as metastasis. According to the World Health Organization (WHO)^{1World Health Organization Breast Cancer Fact Sheet. WHO}, breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, with over 2.3 million new cases diagnosed in 2022 alone.

Types of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is not a single disease but a group of diseases with various subtypes. The most common types include:

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): A non-invasive cancer where abnormal cells are found in the lining of a breast duct but haven’t spread.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): The most common type, accounting for about 80% of cases. It begins in the ducts and invades surrounding tissue.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): Starts in the lobules (milk-producing glands) and can spread to nearby tissues.
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, making it more aggressive and difficult to treat.
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Characterized by overexpression of the HER2 protein, which promotes cancer cell growth.

Each type has different treatment options and prognoses, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis.

Breast cancer development is influenced by genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 significantly increase the risk. These mutations can be inherited or acquired over time due to exposure to carcinogens, lifestyle factors, or aging.

The process typically follows these stages:

Initiation: Genetic mutations occur in breast cells.
Promotion: Mutated cells begin to multiply.
Progression: Cells form a tumor and may invade surrounding tissues.
Metastasis: Cancer cells spread to other parts of the body.

In Nigeria, breast cancer accounts for 22.7% of all cancer cases among women, globally, 1 in 8 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. Men are also affected, though less frequently—about 1% of all breast cancer cases occur in men, the highest incidence rates are found in high-income countries, but mortality rates are disproportionately higher in low- and middle-income countries due to late diagnosis and limited access to treatment. Nigerian Cancer Society. Cancer Statistics in Nigeria. NCS

Signs and Symptoms

Common symptoms of breast cancer may include a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast size, shape, or appearance, dimpling or puckering of the skin, nipple discharge (especially if it is bloody), nipple inversion or pain, and redness, scaling, or swelling of the breast or nipple. Regular self-examinations and clinical screenings play a vital role in ensuring early detection. While not all breast cancers are preventable, several strategies can reduce risk:

At CFHI, we are committed to transforming lives through health education, advocacy, and preventive care. We empower individuals and communities with the knowledge and tools they need to make informed health decisions. By fostering a culture of health consciousness, CFHI is helping to reduce the burden of preventable illnesses and build a healthier, more resilient society.

Breast cancer affects millions, but together, we can change the narrative. CFHI invites you to join the movement; whether by attending our health seminars, volunteering in community outreach, sharing educational materials, or simply encouraging loved ones to get screened. Your voice, your time, and your support can save lives.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

References

World Health Organization Breast Cancer Fact Sheet. WHO
Nigerian Cancer Society. Cancer Statistics in Nigeria. NCS

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON THE HIDDEN HEALTHCARE COSTS OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE (GBV) TO VICTIMS

Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Health, Speak Wednesday / cfhinitiative

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is a health issue that affects millions of people, predominantly women and girls, across different cultures, socioeconomic statuses, and geographic locations. Beyond the immediate physical and emotional toll, GBV also imposes significant hidden healthcare costs on its victims, presenting challenges that extend far beyond the initial incident.

One of the most direct healthcare costs of GBV is medical treatment for physical injuries. Domestic abuse victims, as well as victims of other gender-based violence, such as sexual assault, frequently need emergency care, surgery, and continuous medical support. These services come with substantial financial burdens, especially for those without adequate health insurance or access to affordable healthcare.

WHO reports that victims of intimate partner violence are more likely to seek healthcare services, resulting in increased medical costs compared to non-abused individuals. The expenses include emergency room visits, hospitalisations, and treatments for physical injuries, contributing to the hidden healthcare costs of GBV.

Beyond the immediate physical consequences, GBV takes a profound toll on victims’ mental health. The enduring psychological impact of GBV on survivors, with many experiencing anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is underscored by UNICEF. The need for mental health services, including therapy and counselling, is crucial but often comes with financial barriers, adding to the overall healthcare burden.

Furthermore, children who witness violence at home are more likely to develop behavioural problems, academic challenges, and mental health disorders. This perpetuates a cycle of intergenerational trauma and escalates healthcare costs for society as a whole.

The healthcare system also bears indirect costs related to GBV, such as increased demand for emergency services, specialised care for trauma survivors, and public health interventions. These expenses strain healthcare resources and contribute to rising healthcare expenditures for individuals, insurers, and governments.

Ultimately, addressing the hidden healthcare costs of GBV requires a collective commitment from healthcare providers, policymakers, law enforcement agencies, advocacy groups, and society at large. By recognising the full extent of these costs and investing in comprehensive solutions, we can create a safer, healthier future for women.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #GBV #Women’srights #RightToHealth #genderequality #genderbias

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON PROSTATE CANCER OVERVIEW-SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT

Cancer, Men's Health, Monday Health Burst, WHO / cfhinitiative

In Nigeria, prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among men and a hospital prevalence of 182.5 per 100,000 male admissions was recorded in 2010 in Osun State.1

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate. Males have a little gland called the prostate that resembles a walnut that secretes seminal fluid, which feeds and carries sperm.

In it’s early stage, prostate cancer may not show any symptoms, but may result in indications and symptoms like: difficulty urinating, a weaker stream of pee, blood in the urine, blood in the semen, bone pain, weight loss without attempting, and erectile dysfunction when the cancer becomes advanced.2

Options for treating prostate cancer rely on a number of variables, including how quickly the disease is developing, if it has spread, your general health, and the potential advantages or disadvantages of the treatment. Some of the treatment options include; surgery to remove the prostate, radiation therapy, freezing or heating prostate tissue, and hormone therapy.

Around 1 in 8 males will receive a diagnosis of prostate cancer at some point in their life. However, only 1 in 41 of these will die as a result. This is because treatment is effective, especially in the early stages. Routine screening enables doctors to detect many cases of prostate cancer before they spread.

Individuals and organizations are encouraged to create awareness of the need for routine check-ups to prevent advanced-stage prostate cancer.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

#MondayHealthBurst #MensHealth #ProstateCancer

References:

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON MOTHER TO CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV

Health, HIV/AIDS, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains a significant public health concern, posing a threat to the well-being of infants worldwide. Despite advances in medical science and increased awareness, preventing the transmission of the virus from mother to child remains a complex challenge that requires a comprehensive approach.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 1.3 million women and girls living with HIV become pregnant annually worldwide.
HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. The virus can pass through the placenta, be present in the birth canal and maternal genital fluids during delivery, and can be present in breast milk. Each of these stages presents a risk of transmission, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

Prevention Strategies:
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Initiating ART during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of MTCT. This treatment helps control the viral load in the mother, minimizing the chances of transmission to the child.
Elective Cesarean Section: In cases where the mother’s viral load is high, opting for a cesarean section before the onset of labor can further reduce the risk of transmission.
Avoiding Breastfeeding: While breastfeeding is generally recommended for infant health, in the context of HIV, alternative feeding methods are often advised to eliminate the risk of transmission through breast milk.
Prevention of unintended pregnancies: Family planning services and education play a crucial role in preventing unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women, contributing to better management and prevention of MTCT.
Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV requires a multifaceted approach that addresses medical, social, and economic factors. Continued research, education, and global collaboration are crucial to achieving the goal of an HIV-free generation. As we strive for an AIDS-free world, prioritizing the well-being of both mothers and children remains at the forefront of public health efforts. It’s essential for infected pregnant women to receive proper medical care and follow the guidance of healthcare providers to minimize the risk to their babies.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

Health, Monday Health Burst, WHO / cfhinitiative

Urinary Tract Infections(UTIs) are common infections caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and infect the urinary system. These germs are usually from the skin or the rectum. While the infections can affect any region of the urinary tract, bladder infections (cystitis) are the most prevalent form. Another kind of UTI is pyelonephritis, or kidney infection. Though less frequent, they are more dangerous than bladder infections.(Centre for Disease Control,CDC).
Causes of UTIs:
Bacterial Invasion: The majority of UTIs are caused by bacteria entering the urethra and traveling up to the bladder.
Risk Factors: Women are more prone to UTIs due to a shorter urethra. Other risk factors include sexual activity, urinary tract abnormalities, a weakened immune system, and catheter use.

Symptoms of UTIs:
Painful Urination: A burning sensation during urination is a common symptom.

Frequent Urination: The urge to urinate more often than usual.

Cloudy or Strong-Smelling Urine: Changes in urine color and odor may indicate an infection.

Pelvic Pain: Discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen.

Diagnosis:
If you suspect a UTI, a healthcare professional will typically perform a urinalysis to check for bacteria and white blood cells. In some cases, imaging tests may be ordered to identify any structural issues in the urinary tract.

Treatment:
Antibiotics: The primary treatment for UTIs involves a course of antibiotics to eliminate the infection.

Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate symptoms.

Hydration: Drinking plenty of water can help flush out bacteria from the urinary system.

Prevention:
Hygiene Practices: Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from entering the urethra.

Stay Hydrated: Adequate fluid intake promotes regular urination, helping to flush out bacteria.

Urinate After Intercourse: Emptying the bladder after sexual activity can reduce the risk of UTIs.

Conclusion:
Urinary tract infections are a common health concern, especially among women. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and preventive measures is crucial for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment. If you suspect a UTI, consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and care.
#MondayHealthBurst
#UrinaryTractInfection

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON PREECLAMPSIA: PREGNANCY-RELATED HYPERTENSION AND RISK FACTORS

Health, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Preeclampsia is high blood pressure and signs of liver or kidney damage that occur in women after the 20th week of pregnancy. While it is rare, preeclampsia also may occur in a woman after delivering her baby, most often within 48 hours. This is called postpartum preeclampsia.

According to MedlinePlus, the specific cause of preeclampsia is uncertain. It occurs in 3–7% of pregnancies. It is thought that the sickness originated in the placenta.
Preeclampsia can arise as a result of the following factors; Autoimmune conditions, issues with blood vessels, diet and Your genes.
Some risk factors associated with preeclampsia include:
 First Pregnancy: Women who are pregnant for the first time have a higher risk.
 Multiple Pregnancies: Women carrying twins or more are at increased risk.
 History of Preeclampsia: A previous history of preeclampsia increases the risk in future pregnancies.
 Family History: A family history of preeclampsia can also be a risk factor.
 Chronic Hypertension: Having high blood pressure before pregnancy can increase the risk of preeclampsia.
 Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions like lupus or antiphospholipid syndrome can raise the risk.
 Diabetes: Pre-existing diabetes can contribute to the risk.
 Obesity: Being significantly overweight before pregnancy increases the risk.
 Age: Being younger than 20 or older than 40 increases the risk.
 Assisted Reproductive Techniques: Women who have used in vitro fertilization (IVF) may have a higher risk.
 Prior Pregnancy Complications: A history of other pregnancy complications, such as gestational diabetes or placental problems, can elevate the risk.
It’s important for pregnant women to attend regular prenatal check-ups to monitor blood pressure and other risk factors, and to seek medical attention if they experience symptoms like high blood pressure, swelling, severe headaches, or vision changes, as early detection and management can be crucial in reducing complications associated with preeclampsia.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON HIV AND AIDS: ADVANCES IN TREATMENT AND REDUCING STIGMA

Health, HIV/AIDS, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Antiretroviral therapy, also known as ART, is a treatment for HIV. Thanks to advancements in medical research, the therapy has become more efficient with fewer adverse effects. ART therapy has allowed those infected with HIV to live healthier and longer lives. Also, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is available for people at high risk of contracting HIV.

According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), there are 23.3 million people globally on HIV treatment currently. An individual who is living with HIV and starts taking antiretroviral therapy today can expect to have the same life expectancy as someone who is HIV-negative and of the same age. (UNAIDS)

HIV medication comes in two forms: Pills and Shots.

Several FDA-approved medications are available for HIV treatment, which can be taken either as a single pill or a combination therapy. If you have recently started HIV treatment, taking drugs is recommended. However, you may consider getting shots if you have been virally suppressed for at least three months or have an undetectable viral load. Shots are long-acting injections used to treat HIV. Your doctor must schedule routine office appointments to administer the doses. Depending on your treatment plan, you may receive an HIV therapy shot once a month or once every other month.

Although there are HIV treatments available, stigma and discrimination remain significant barriers to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support. Research has demonstrated that stigma and prejudice, in particular, impair HIV prevention efforts by causing people to be unwilling to seek HIV information, services, and therapies to lower their risk of infection and to adopt safer behaviours for fear that doing so may raise questions about their HIV status. (UNAIDS). Research has also indicated that people living with HIV are discouraged from disclosing their status, even to family members and romantic partners, and that this hinders their ability and motivation to seek and adhere to treatment. This fear of stigma and discrimination is also linked to a fear of violence. (UNAIDS).

Over the years, CFHI, in collaboration with the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN), Catholic Caritas Foundation Nigeria (CCFN), and other funders, provides community-based interventions to more than 20,000 vulnerable children and their caregivers. These interventions include but are not limited to, healthcare services, nutritional support, education and vocational training, psychosocial support, and household economic strengthening.

It is important to note that HIV cannot be cured, but it can be managed with the help of HIV medication. Within six months, the majority of people can control the infection. (UNAIDS)

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SARCOMA – CAUSES AND TREATMENT

Health, Monday Health Burst, WHO / cfhinitiative

Sarcoma, a rare form of cancer, encompasses a variety of malignancies that arise in the body’s connective tissues, such as bones, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and soft tissues. Commonly observed symptoms are as follows:

Painless lump
Weight loss
Trouble in breathing
Pain in the affected bones
Swelling
Fatigue
A limp when the sarcoma is in your leg.

While the precise causes of sarcoma remain unclear, several factors can contribute to its development. Here are some potential causes and risk factors associated with sarcoma:

Genetic factors: Genetic mutations or inherited conditions can increase the likelihood of developing sarcoma in certain cases.

Radiation exposure: Previous exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation, particularly during cancer treatment or nuclear accidents, has been linked to an elevated risk of sarcoma. This is more common among individuals who have undergone radiation therapy for other types of cancer.

3. Environmental factors: Certain environmental elements, such as exposure to specific chemicals or toxins, may contribute to sarcoma development. For example, exposure to vinyl chloride, a chemical used in plastics manufacturing, has been associated with an increased risk of a specific type of sarcoma called angiosarcoma.

Chronic lymphedema: Prolonged swelling of the limbs caused by damage or removal of the lymphatic system, often resulting from cancer treatment or surgery, can elevate the risk of developing lymphangiosarcoma, a type of sarcoma.

Treatment:

According to Mayo Clinic’s Publication in December, 2022; Surgery is commonly employed as the primary treatment for sarcoma, aiming to remove the cancerous cells. Additional treatments may be administered before or after surgery, depending on the type and location of the sarcoma, the aggressiveness of the cells, and the presence of metastasis in other parts of the body. The optimal therapy for each individual is determined based on these factors.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON SCHIZOPHRENIA – SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

Health, Mental Health, Monday Health Burst / cfhinitiative

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It is characterized by a range of symptoms that can significantly impact a person’s daily functioning and quality of life.

Around 24 million people, or 1 in 300 persons (0.32%) globally, suffer from schizophrenia. Adults (2) had a rate of 1 in 222 (0.4%). It is not as prevalent as many other mental illnesses. The most common time for onset is in the late teens and twenties, and it often occurs earlier in males than in women. (World Health Organization)

Symptoms:

Delusions: Delusions are false beliefs that are not based on reality. An example of a delusion is when a person believes that they are being watched or that someone is trying to harm them.

Hallucinations: Sensations that are not real but are experienced by the person with schizophrenia. These can include hearing voices, seeing things that are not there, or feeling sensations in the body.

Disorganized thinking and speech: A person with schizophrenia may have difficulty organizing and expressing their thoughts. Their speech may be illogical or unrelated to the topic being discussed.

Abnormal motor behaviour: This can manifest as unusual movements or repetitive behaviours that serve no apparent purpose.

Negative symptoms: These refer to a decrease or absence of normal functioning. Examples include a lack of motivation, social withdrawal, reduced emotional expression, and decreased speech.

Schizophrenia does not have a single identifiable cause, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The condition is believed to result from genetic and environmental factors. Exposure to viruses or malnutrition before birth and complications during pregnancy or birth may contribute to its development. Additionally, psychosocial stress can play a role in the onset and progression of schizophrenia. Heavy cannabis use is also linked to an increased risk of the disorder.

It is crucial to take decisive action on schizophrenia, and it demands the active cooperation of governments, healthcare systems, communities, and individuals alike.

Monday Health Burst is an initiative of CFHI to address issues of basic health concern. Join us every Monday on all our social media platforms for more episodes.

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