November 2025

Economic Dependence and Poverty

16DaysOfActivism, Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Health, Health Communication, Men's Health /

Economic dependence and poverty are not just financial issues they are powerful forces that shape power dynamics, influence decision-making, and, far too often, trap women and girls in cycles of gender-based violence (GBV). As the world marks the UN 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence, it is essential to spotlight how economic injustice fuels abuse and limits survivors’ ability to break free.

Globally, 1 in 3 women experience physical or sexual violence in their lifetime [1]. But this statistic tells only part of the story. Economic vulnerability magnifies the risk. According to UN Women, women who lack income or financial independence are more than twice as likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to women with stable earnings [2]. Poverty does not cause violence, but it creates the conditions that allow it to thrive.

Women and girls in low-income settings often face restricted access to education, limited job opportunities, lower wages, and discriminatory cultural norms that position men as sole decision-makers. In many African countries, including Nigeria, the gender wage gap persists, and only 47% of women participate in the labor force compared to 74% of men [3]. Economic dependence becomes both a weapon and a barrier abusers use financial control to dominate, and survivors stay because they have nowhere else to go.

Research also shows that economic abuse such as preventing a woman from working, taking her earnings, or denying access to financial resources is present in 94% of abusive relationships [4]. This form of violence is silent but devastating. It keeps survivors trapped in relationships where they fear not only physical harm, but homelessness, hunger, and inability to care for their children.

During the 16 Days of Activism, the global community emphasizes prevention, protection, and justice. Yet these efforts are incomplete without addressing the economic realities that shape women’s lives. Economic empowerment is not a luxury it is a protective factor. Studies show that when women have financial independence, the likelihood of experiencing intimate partner violence drops significantly, sometimes by up to 35% [5].

To meaningfully address GBV, we must:

  • Expand women’s access to education, digital literacy, and vocational training.
  • Promote equal employment opportunities and enforce equal pay legislation.
  • Support women-owned businesses and access to credit.
  • Integrate economic empowerment programs into GBV prevention strategies.
  • Provide social protection, cash transfers, and safety nets that reduce vulnerability.

 

Over the years, the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) has consistently advanced economic and gender justice through practical empowerment programmes that strengthen the financial independence of women and adolescent girls. Across various communities, CFHI has trained over 500 women and girls in income-generating skills such as tailoring, pastry production, craft design, and household product manufacturing interventions that have enabled many beneficiaries to start small-scale businesses and reduce their economic dependence.

Under its OVC and community health programs, CFHI has also supported female caregivers from over 1000 vulnerable households with start-up kits, access to savings groups, and linkages to livelihood opportunities. Additionally, CFHI’s gender norms and leadership development activities have reached thousands of adolescents and young women, strengthening their confidence, shifting harmful cultural perceptions, and enhancing their participation in community leadership. Support for adolescent mothers has remained a core focus. These combined interventions reflect CFHI’s long-standing commitment to empowering women and girls with the skills, resources, and opportunities needed to achieve economic independence and live free from violence.

As we participate in the global campaign, let us remember that ending violence requires ending poverty and dependence. Governments, development actors, communities, and individuals must work together to expand economic opportunities and dismantle systems that keep women financially trapped.

Empowering women economically is one of the most powerful ways to break the silence, stop the violence, and build a future where every woman can live with dignity, safety, and independence. Economic justice is gender justice. A world free from violence must also be a world free from poverty.

 

References

  1. World Health Organization. Violence against women: prevalence estimates 2018. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240022256
  2. UN Women. Facts and figures: Ending violence against women. 2024. Available from: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures
  3. World Bank. Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+). 2023. Available from: https://data.worldbank.org
  4. Adams AE, Sullivan CM, Bybee D, Greeson M. Development of the scale of economic abuse. Violence Against Women. 2008;14(5):563-588.
  5. UNFPA. Economic empowerment and the reduction of gender-based violence: Global evidence. 2023. Available from: https://www.unfpa.org

 

 

TO BE CONTINUED…WATCH OUT FOR

NO 5 BARRIER

Economic Dependence and Poverty Read More »

Socio-Cultural Norms and Practices A Deep-Rooted Barrier to Ending GBV

16DaysOfActivism, Child Trafficking, Community Development, Cultural practices in Africa, Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Health, Health Communication, Men, Men's Health, Mental Health /

Across communities, the fight against Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is often undermined not by the absence of laws or policies, but by something far more entrenched socio-cultural norms and practices. These norms act as invisible rules that govern how people think, behave, and relate to each other, shaping gender expectations from childhood into adulthood. When these expectations are rooted in inequality, they form a powerful barrier that normalizes violence against women and girls and shields perpetrators from accountability. To truly eliminate GBV, we must confront these beliefs, because they are the soil from which violence grows.

In many parts of Nigeria, men are socialized to be dominant and authoritative, while women are groomed to be submissive, tolerant, and “obedient.” These expectations directly reinforce violence. A study in Northwest Nigeria showed that domestic violence is often justified by community members as a “corrective measure,” particularly when women fail to adhere to traditional roles of respect and submission to their husbands 2. This cultural acceptance makes reporting violence extremely difficult, as survivors fear being blamed, shamed, or even punished by their own families or communities.

Deep-seated practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM), child marriage, widowhood rituals, and the payment of bride price further cement gender inequality. In Northern Nigeria, child marriage is frequently defended as a cultural or religious requirement, yet research shows it exposes girls to sexual violence, health risks, and lifelong disempowerment 3 Similarly, FGM persists in communities where it is considered a rite of passage or a marker of purity, despite its severe physical and psychological consequences. These practices reinforce the idea that a woman’s value is tied to her body and her obedience, not her autonomy or humanity 6.

Gender norms also influence how communities perceive survivors and perpetrators. In the Niger Delta, for instance, over 75% of respondents in one study believed that women provoke violence when they fail to meet cultural expectations of submission and domestic responsibility 7. This belief creates a dangerous cycle where victims are blamed and perpetrators are excused, further emboldening violence. Even in settings considered more progressive, such as universities, harmful beliefs remain widespread. Research among students at the University of Calabar revealed that many still view men as inherently superior and justified in exerting control over women through violence 4.

These norms are not just personal attitudes they have structural consequences. A multivariate analysis across different regions of Nigeria confirmed a strong correlation between cultural beliefs and the prevalence of GBV 10. They influence legal reporting, access to justice, community support systems, and even the willingness of institutions to intervene. So long cultural frameworks continue to excuse or minimize violence, GBV will persist regardless of how many laws or policies exist on paper.

To dismantle these barriers, Nigeria must invest in cultural transformation alongside policy reforms. This requires community dialogues, gender-transformative education, economic empowerment of women, and meaningful engagement with traditional and religious leaders who hold influence over cultural practices. It also means amplifying survivor voices, strengthening community accountability systems, and challenging harmful norms through storytelling, media campaigns, and grassroots activism. Socio-cultural norms are deeply rooted but they are not unchangeable. Change begins when communities recognize that culture should protect, not destroy.

 

 

References

  1. Ede V, Arinze-Umobi C. Gender Issues in Islam. Teologia. 2024.
    https://journal.walisongo.ac.id/index.php/teologia/article/view/25466
  2. Argungu AM, Safiyanu S, Abba M. Domestic Violence and Women’s Rights in Northwest Nigeria. ASJP African Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences.
    https://aspjournals.org/ajahss/index.php/ajahss/article/view/173
  3. Adeyemi S, Engwa GA. Influence of Socio-Cultural Beliefs on Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria.
    Semantics Scholar.
    https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Socio-Cultural-Beliefs-and-Gender-Based-Violence-Adeyemi-Engwa/3cd20061f7caa3c54b6b88ff063d5ba2272f2c6b
  4. Ibekwe J. Influence of cultural norms and stereotypes on gender-based violence among students of the University of Calabar. International Journal of Medical Students.
    https://ijms.pitt.edu/IJMS/article/view/2956
  5. Olaseni AO, Akpa OM. Socio-cultural perspectives of GBV in Nigeria. SAGE Journals.
    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244020982992
  6. Ojedokun U. Religion, Culture and Violence Against Women in Nigeria. Religions Journal. 2023.
    https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/3/359
  7. Idumwonyi I, Aigbokhaevbolo O. Community Perceptions of GBV in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. DOAJ.
    https://doaj.org/article/670a61e4b2bc4c9fbe669857804551ab
  8. Mulbah J, et al. Cultural beliefs and GBV in Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health.
    https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-09138-9
  9. Onyekwere G. Widowhood practices and socio-cultural norms reinforcing GBV in Nigeria. African Journals Online (AJOL).
    https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jsda/article/view/233564
  10. Bala RY, Idris A. Socio-Cultural Drivers of Gender-Based Violence: A Multivariate Analysis in Nigeria.
    IJMRA. https://ijmra.in/v7i5/6.php

 

 

Socio-Cultural Norms and Practices A Deep-Rooted Barrier to Ending GBV Read More »

Supporting Survivors Beyond the Statistics: A Call to Action This 16 Days of Activism

16DaysOfActivism, ChildNotBride, Community Development, Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Girl Education, Health, International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, Men, Mental Health, Speak Wednesday /

Each year, the 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence reminds the world that violence against women and girls is not just a crisis it is a daily reality for millions [1]. Reports, data sheets, and global indicators help us understand the magnitude, but behind every statistic is a living, breathing person whose life has been altered by harm. This year, as we observe the campaign, it is crucial that we shift our collective attention from the numbers to the humans behind them. True progress lies in supporting survivors beyond the statistics.

Too often, survivors are reduced to percentages “1 in 3,” “1 in 5,” “35% globally” [2]. While these numbers capture attention, they do not capture the emotional, physical, and economic aftermath that survivors carry. They do not speak to the silence, the stigma, the fear of seeking help, or the systemic barriers that make healing harder than the violence itself. Ending gender-based violence requires more than awareness. It demands empathy, survivor-centered systems, and long-term support [3].

Supporting survivors goes far beyond responding to incidents; it means creating environments where they are believed, protected, and empowered to rebuild. It means ensuring access to justice, psychosocial care, healthcare, safe spaces, and economic opportunities [5]. It also means challenging harmful gender norms, dismantling structures that enable violence, and educating communities to recognize and prevent abuse before it happens.

At the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI), this survivor-centered approach is at the heart of our work. Through our gender norms interventions, community dialogues, capacity-building programs, and youth engagement initiatives, CFHI champions the rights, dignity, and well-being of women, girls, and all survivors. From preventive education to psychosocial support and referral services, we ensure that survivors are not lost in the numbers but seen, heard, and supported through their healing journey.

But CFHI cannot do this alone. Ending violence is a collective responsibility; As we mark this year’s 16 Days of Activism, we call on, communities to break the culture of silence and create safe spaces for survivors, institutions to strengthen reporting systems, legal protections, and survivor-friendly services. Parents and caregivers to model respect and equality within their homes, young people to speak up against online and offline violence and promote positive gender norms. Government and policymakers to invest in prevention, strengthen accountability, and fund survivor services, you, reading this, to challenge harmful behaviours, support survivors around you, and become an advocate for a violence-free world.

Survivors are not statisticsthey are individuals deserving of dignity, justice, and healing. As we stand together during the 16 Days of Activism, let us commit to building a society that supports survivors not just in reports but in real life, every day [4].

CFHI remains steadfast in its mission: promoting health, protection, and empowerment for all. Together, we can end violence one voice, one action, and one survivor supported at a time.

 

References

[1] UN Women. (2024). Ending Violence Against Women: Facts & Figures.
https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures

[2] World Health Organization. (2021). Violence Against Women Prevalence Estimates 2018.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240022256

[3] UN Women. 16 Days of Activism Against Gender-Based Violence Campaign.
https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/take-action/16-days-of-activism

[4] United Nations. (2024). International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women  Background.
https://www.un.org/en/observances/ending-violence-against-women-day

[5] UNFPA. (2023). Gender-Based Violence: Global Overview and Response Strategies.
https://www.unfpa.org/gender-based-violence

 

Supporting Survivors Beyond the Statistics: A Call to Action This 16 Days of Activism Read More »

Protecting Our Children from Common Illnesses

16DaysOfActivism, Child Labour, ChildNotBride, Gender, Gender Based Violence, Girl Education, Health, Healthy Dieting, Hygiene, Men, Men's Health, Nation Building, WHO, World Food Day /

Children remain highly vulnerable to common illnesses, and preventing these diseases is essential to safeguarding their growth and wellbeing. In Nigeria, infections such as diarrhea, malaria, and acute respiratory infections continue to be among the leading causes of sickness and death in children under five, despite being largely preventable. Evidence shows that environmental and structural factors contribute significantly to this burden. Research highlights that improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are strongly associated with reduced childhood diarrhea and respiratory infections (1). Additionally, findings from Nigeria’s Demographic and Health Surveys indicate that poor housing conditions including overcrowding and inadequate ventilation are major predictors of child illness across the country (2).

The impact of these illnesses extends far beyond short-term discomfort. Children who frequently experience diarrhea or respiratory infections are at increased risk of stunting, and spatial health research in Nigeria reveals that these conditions often overlap, creating compounded threats to child growth and development (3). Preventable infections such as measles also have long-term consequences on immunity and overall health in later life, as demonstrated in studies tracking early-life measles exposure (6). Even though effective vaccines exist, childhood immunization coverage remains suboptimal in many regions, prompting the introduction of innovative solutions such as artificial intelligence systems to increase vaccine uptake (5). Reliable hospital data further confirm that pneumonia, malaria, and diarrheal diseases remain major contributors to child mortality in Nigerian healthcare settings (4). Alongside medical treatment, community-based interventions such as hygiene promotion, nutrition counselling, and timely referral are essential to reducing morbidity. Globally, standardized caregiver resources like UNICEF’s “Facts for Life” continue to guide families on preventing and responding to common childhood illnesses (7).

The Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) plays a critical role in reducing the burden of childhood illnesses through targeted community programs. CFHI supports maternal, newborn, and child health activities, including MNCH weeks where children receive essential interventions such as vaccinations, deworming, vitamin A supplementation, growth monitoring, and malnutrition screening (8). The organization also drives WASH improvements aimed at reducing disease spread and implements extensive community health education on hygiene, sanitation, immunization, and early care-seeking. Through capacity-building efforts, CFHI strengthens the skills of health workers and volunteers to deliver quality child health services (9). CFHI’s approach is evidence-based and community-centered, ensuring that interventions respond to local needs and contribute meaningfully to child survival and development.

Protecting children from preventable illnesses requires collective responsibility. Caregivers should ensure full vaccination, practice proper handwashing, maintain clean household environments, and seek medical care early when their children show signs of illness. Community members must actively share health information and support local awareness programs. Policy and government actors should invest in clean water systems, sanitation infrastructure, and housing improvements to create healthier environments for children. Finally, individuals and organizations can strengthen CFHI’s efforts by volunteering, partnering, or supporting programs that promote child health. Together, these actions can secure a safer, healthier future for every child.

 

References

  1. Oyebanji TO, Chandra-Mouli V. Burden of Common Childhood Diseases in Relation to Improved Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) among Nigerian Children. PubMed [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29895758/
  2. Olusanya BO, Odeyemi OA, Abimbola S, Adebowale SA. Housing conditions as predictors of common childhood illness: Evidence from Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys, 2008–2018. PubMed [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33476186/
  3. Gai T, Cunningham E, Chukwuogo O, et al. Spatial Co-Morbidity of Childhood Acute Respiratory Infection, Diarrhoea and Stunting in Nigeria. PubMed [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35162859/
  4. van den Berg GJ, von Hinke S, Vitt N. Early life exposure to measles and later-life outcomes: Evidence from the introduction of a vaccine. arXiv [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.10558
  5. Kehinde O, Abdul R, Afolabi B, et al. Deploying ADVISER: Impact and Lessons from Using Artificial Intelligence for Child Vaccination Uptake in Nigeria. arXiv [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.00017
  6. Morbidity and Mortality Pattern of Childhood Illnesses Seen at the Children Emergency Unit of Federal Medical Center, Asaba, Nigeria. AMHSR [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://www.amhsr.org/articles/morbidity-and-mortality-pattern-of-childhood-illnesses-seen-at-the-children-emergency-unit-of-federal-medical-center-asaba-nigeria.html
  7. Facts for Life. [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facts_for_Life
  8. Centre for Family Health Initiative. 2020 Annual Report. Abuja: CFHI; 2020. [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://www.cfhinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/CFHI_2020-Annual-Report.pdf
  9. Centre for Family Health Initiative. Who We Are. [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 23]. Available from: https://www.cfhinitiative.org/who-we-are/

Protecting Our Children from Common Illnesses Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST

Community Development, Gender, Health, Health Communication, Healthy Dieting, Hygiene, Men, Men's Health, Mental Health, Monday Health Burst, Nation Building, WHO /

Hygiene and Health for Every Man

Good hygiene is not only a personal responsibility but a fundamental aspect of disease prevention, dignity, and overall well-being for men across all ages. Research shows that poor hygiene contributes significantly to the global burden of infectious diseases. According to the World Health Organization, inadequate hygiene practices account for nearly 432,000 deaths annually from diarrheal diseases alone (1) with millions more suffering from preventable infections linked to poor personal and environmental hygiene. Studies also reveal that men are statistically less likely than women to engage in consistent hygiene routines, including regular handwashing, oral care, and preventive health screenings. A 2022 global survey noted that over 65% of men admit to skipping basic hygiene routines (2) increasing their vulnerability to infections, skin diseases, urinary tract complications, and communicable illnesses. Poor hygiene also affects mental health, social interactions, productivity, and overall quality of life, especially in environments where men are primary earners and caregivers.

The implications of poor hygiene for men extend far beyond physical health. Lack of proper personal and environmental cleanliness can affect workplace productivity, family health, and community wellness. For example, studies show that effective handwashing alone can reduce respiratory infections by over 21% (3) yet many men either neglect this simple act or lack access to clean water and safe sanitation facilities. Globally, 3.5 billion people still lack safe sanitation (4) and this affects men in marginalized communities disproportionately, often exposing them to contaminated environments and increasing their risk of illness. Oral hygiene is another overlooked aspect; research indicates that men are 40% less likely than women to seek dental care (5) leading to higher rates of gum disease, which has been linked to heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Hygiene is not just cleanliness it is a cornerstone of preventive health.

As we commemorate International Men’s Day and World Toilet Day, we encourage, admonish, and advise men everywhere to stay true to hygiene and neatness. Cleanliness is strength. Hygiene is responsibility. And taking care of your health is an act of leadership and self-respect. Men must break free from harmful cultural norms that label hygiene awareness as weakness or unmanliness. True masculinity includes caring for one’s body, environment, and overall well-being. A healthy man becomes a healthier father, partner, colleague, and community member. The global theme for this period emphasizes dignity, safe sanitation, and improved well-being for everyone and men must be active participants in this movement.

Wash your hands often, maintain proper grooming, care for your oral health, keep your environment clean, use toilets responsibly, practice safe sanitation, and seek regular health checks. Small habits save lives. Hygiene is health, and health is power. Let this be a reminder that healthier men build stronger families, stronger communities, and a stronger nation.

For enquiries, partnerships, or to invite CFHI for sensitization programs, kindly contact us via: info@cfhinitiative.org 

 

References

  1. World Health Organization. Diarrhoeal disease. 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease
  2. Global hygiene behaviours survey results. 2022. Available from: https://yougov.co.uk/topics/health/articles-reports
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Show Me the Science – How to Wash Your Hands. 2023. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/show-me-the-science-handwashing.html
  4. World Health Organization & UNICEF. Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2023 update. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073347
  5. American Dental Association. Oral health and men’s health. 2022. Available from: https://www.ada.org/resources/research/science-and-research-institute

 

 

 

 

MONDAY HEALTH BURST Read More »

CFHI and Imo State Ministry of Health Unite for World Diabetes Day 2025!

Community Development, Diabetes, Diabetes Awareness and Care, Gender Equality, Health, Health Communication, Healthy Dieting, Hygiene /

The Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) partnered with the Imo State Ministry of Health to mark World Diabetes Day 2025, at the Ministry of Health Block, Imo State Secretariat, Port Harcourt Road, Owerri, reaching 50 individuals with vital diabetes awareness and screening services.
focusing on the theme “Diabetes and Well-being: Creating Supportive Environments in the Workplace”.

Key Highlights:
Free BP and Blood Sugar Testing
Expert Dietitians on ground for personalized meal planning
Empowering individuals with diabetes to thrive at all life stages.
Integrated care and support for physical and mental well-being.

Our mission was to spark a movement! We aimed to educate, empower, and encourage employers, employees, and the global community to act towards healthier workplaces.

CFHI and Imo State Ministry of Health Unite for World Diabetes Day 2025! Read More »

Institutional Barriers to Eliminating Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria

16DaysOfActivism, Events, Female Roles in Nation Building, Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, WHO, Women, Women Education /

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) remains one of the most pervasive human rights violations in Nigeria, cutting across age, class, religion, and region. Despite significant progress through policies such as the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP) 2015 and the National Gender Policy, the persistence of GBV points to a deeper problem institutional barriers that hinder real progress. While advocacy, awareness, and community engagement have improved over the years, the systems designed to protect survivors and hold perpetrators accountable often fail to function effectively, leaving many victims without justice or support (WHO, UN Women Nigeria).

One of the major institutional barriers lies within the legal and policy framework itself. Although the VAPP Act was enacted at the federal level, its domestication across Nigeria has been uneven. Several states are yet to fully implement the Act, creating inconsistencies in protection and enforcement. Even where laws exist, weak sanctions, unclear definitions of offences, and a lack of gender-sensitive judicial processes often discourage survivors from seeking justice. Studies reveal that institutional delays, corruption, and lack of trust in law enforcement agencies further compound the challenge, allowing perpetrators to act with impunity while survivors continue to suffer in silence (UNIZIK Journal of Contemporary Law).

Another critical issue is institutional capacity and accountability. Many key institutions from the police and judiciary to hospitals and social welfare departments are under-resourced and poorly coordinated. A BMC Women’s Health (2025) study found that more than half of young women surveyed in Nigeria reported not knowing where or how to access post-violence services, indicating major gaps in awareness and accessibility. Furthermore, the lack of training among personnel on survivor-centred approaches leads to secondary victimization, where victims experience stigma, judgment, or even blame when they report abuse. Without adequate funding, coordination, and monitoring systems, institutions cannot effectively carry out their mandates in the fight against GBV (PubMed).

Institutional culture also plays a silent but powerful role. In many organizations and workplaces, gender inequality is embedded in the structure itself from male-dominated leadership to discriminatory workplace practices. Research in Nigerian universities has shown a high prevalence of sexual harassment and bullying, often perpetuated by hierarchical power systems that silence victims (BMC Women’s Health, 2021). The absence of internal reporting mechanisms, confidentiality policies, and disciplinary structures reinforces a culture of impunity. When institutions themselves tolerate or ignore acts of violence, it sends a dangerous message that such behaviour is acceptable or can be overlooked.

Finally, the lack of effective data systems and poor inter-agency coordination weaken national response efforts. Many institutions fail to collect or share accurate data on GBV cases, making it difficult to track progress or design informed interventions. Without reliable evidence, resource allocation becomes arbitrary, and survivors remain invisible in policy decisions (MDPI Social Sciences Journal). These systemic weaknesses mean that even well-intentioned programs struggle to achieve lasting change.

The Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) continues to advocate for institutional reforms that promote gender equality, justice, and survivor centred GBV response systems. Through its gender norms interventions and community engagement projects, CFHI works to sensitize service providers, law enforcement officers, and community leaders on the importance of implementing the VAPP Act effectively. The organization also conducts awareness campaigns under its SpeakWednesday platform to highlight barriers that hinder justice for survivors. By fostering collaboration between government agencies, CSOs, and communities, CFHI contributes to strengthening institutional frameworks that ensure women and girls live free from violence and discrimination.

Eliminating GBV in Nigeria requires more than awareness it demands institutional transformation. Laws must not only exist but be enforced; systems must not only respond but protect. As CFHI and partners continue to push for accountability and systemic change, a safer, more equitable Nigeria becomes achievable for all.

References

  1. Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP) 2015. Policy Vault Africa. Available from: https://policyvault.africa/wp-content/uploads/policy/NGA1408.pdf
  2. Federal Ministry of Women Affairs. National Gender Policy. Available from: https://nigeriarising.org.ng/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/National-Gender-Policy.pdf
  3. World Health Organization (WHO). Violence against women. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
  4. UN Women Nigeria. Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria: Review of Institutional Responses. Available from: https://nigeria.un.org/en/222675-gender-based-violence-nigeria-review-institutional-responses
  5. Ezeibe CC. The Challenges of Implementing the VAPP Act in Nigeria. UNIZIK Journal of Contemporary Law. Available from: https://journals.unizik.edu.ng/jcpl/article/download/6488/5405/14850
  6. BMC Women’s Health (2025). Institutional Barriers and Women’s Access to GBV Services in Nigeria. Available from: https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-025-03714-2
  7. PubMed Central. Barriers to Accessing GBV Services in Nigeria. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37830664/
  8. BMC Women’s Health (2021). Sexual Harassment in Nigerian Universities. Available from: https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-021-01273-w
  9. MDPI Social Sciences Journal (2024). Institutional Weakness and Gender-Based Violence Response in Nigeria. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/6/336
  10. Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI). Official Website. Available from: https://www.cfhinitiative.org/

TO BE CONTINUED…WATCH OUT FOR

NO 3 BARRIER

Institutional Barriers to Eliminating Gender-Based Violence in Nigeria Read More »

SPEAK WEDNESDAY

16DaysOfActivism, Gender, Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Girl Education, Global warming, Health, Speak Wednesday, WHO /

“NO Means NO”

Today, the simple word “No” still struggles to carry the weight it deserves. For many young people, especially girls and young women, saying “no” can come with fear, pressure, or misunderstanding. Yet, “no” should be enough. It is a complete sentence one that should be heard, respected, and never questioned. As we continue to raise awareness around gender equality and safety, understanding the true meaning of consent and personal boundaries becomes essential for building a healthy society.

Consent is more than just permission; it is about respect, autonomy, and communication. It means that every person has the right to decide what happens to their body, their time, and their emotions. Consent must be freely given, not forced, tricked, or coerced. It cannot be assumed from silence or past behaviour, and it can be withdrawn at any time. In relationships, friendships, or social settings, learning to respect a person’s “no” whether spoken or unspoken reflects maturity and integrity.

Unfortunately, the statistics around consent violations remain alarming. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), nearly one in three women globally has experienced physical or sexual violence in her lifetime, most often at the hands of an intimate partner 1. In Nigeria, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) reports that many incidents of sexual or domestic violence are never reported, often due to fear of stigma, shame, or disbelief 2. These figures highlight how deeply ingrained gender norms and societal silence can make it difficult for survivors to speak out and for young people to learn what healthy respect truly looks like.

For young girls, learning to say “no” and knowing that it must be respected is an important part of personal development and self-protection. Saying “no” is valid when faced with peer pressure to engage in sexual activity, when uncomfortable with unwanted touching, or when asked to share private information or photos online. “No” is equally powerful in social and emotional spaces: refusing manipulative statements like “If you love me, you’ll do it,” or declining invitations that compromise one’s comfort or safety. Every young person must understand that their voice matters, and their boundaries define who they are.

Equally important is educating boys and young men about consent, empathy, and accountability. True respect means not only hearing “no” but also actively seeking a clear and enthusiastic “yes.” It means understanding that real strength lies in restraint, understanding, and kindness not in control or pressure. When communities, schools, and families foster open conversations about respect and consent, they equip young people with the values needed to build relationships rooted in trust and equality.

Through our gender norms interventions, CFHI empowers young people with knowledge and confidence to challenge and transform harmful gender norms (especially those that disadvantage women and girls) while protecting respect, equality and fairness. Each adolescent club activity, school campaign, and community outreach brings us closer to a society where consent is understood, respected, and upheld where “NO” truly means “NO.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-base violence and gender-bias.

 

References

  1. World Health Organization. Violence Against Women: Key Facts. WHO, 2023. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/violence-against-women
  2. National Bureau of Statistics. National Survey on Domestic and Sexual Violence in Nigeria. Abuja: NBS; 2022. Available from: https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/elibrary/read/1241055

 

 

SPEAK WEDNESDAY Read More »

MONDAY HEALTH BURST

16DaysOfActivism, Anxiety Disorder, Attention Deficit, Community Development, Diabetes, Diabetes Awareness and Care, Global warming, Health, Health Communication, Healthy Dieting, Men's Health, Monday Health Burst /

Early Detection and Lifestyle Choices Against Diabetes

Diabetes has become one of the fastest-growing health challenges globally, claiming millions of lives and affecting countless families. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 537 million adults are living with diabetes, and that number is projected to rise to 643 million by 2030. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) also notes that one in ten adults currently lives with diabetes, and nearly half are undiagnosed meaning millions are silently living with the condition without receiving the care they need [1,2].

Early detection is a vital weapon in the fight against diabetes. Type 2 diabetes, which accounts for around 90% of all cases, often develops gradually, showing little or no symptoms until complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, or vision loss have already set in. Detecting the disease early allows for timely medical intervention, lifestyle modification, and proper management, which significantly reduces the risk of complications and improves long-term outcomes. Studies have shown that early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes reduce cardiovascular and renal complications and lower overall mortality rates [3].

One of the most remarkable pieces of evidence for prevention comes from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a landmark study in the United States. The research found that participants who adopted healthier diets, engaged in moderate physical activity for about 150 minutes per week, and achieved modest weight loss reduced their risk of developing diabetes by 58% compared to those who did not make lifestyle changes [4]. This clearly shows that lifestyle choices particularly nutrition, exercise, and maintaining a healthy body weight play a powerful role in preventing or delaying diabetes.

Healthy living begins with awareness. Regular screening for blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and weight helps individuals know their risk status early. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that adults aged 35 and above, or younger people with risk factors such as obesity, family history of diabetes, or sedentary lifestyle, undergo regular diabetes screening [5]. Screenings should not stop at diagnosis; they should be paired with counseling, education, and access to proper care for effective management. The World Health Organization stresses that integrated care, including screening and education, remains essential for effective diabetes control [6].

In Nigeria, diabetes continues to pose significant public health challenges, driven by persistent rise in medication costs7, limited awareness, unhealthy diets, and rapid urban lifestyle changes. Recognizing this, the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) has consistently raised awareness about diabetes prevention and care. Through its Diabetes Awareness and Care (DAC) project in Imo state, CFHI has conducted free diabetes screening for over 36,000 persons, alongside health education sessions and outreach campaigns reaching about half a million individuals to encourage early testing and lifestyle change. These community-based interventions mirror global best practices, showing that education and early detection can help prevent diabetes and its complications before they start.

Ultimately, combating diabetes requires a joint effort from individuals, communities, health systems, and the government. While early detection helps identify risks, lifestyle choices, healthy eating, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful habits remain the cornerstone of prevention. As CFHI continues to promote healthier communities through advocacy, education, and screening programs, the message remains clear: diabetes can be managed and even prevented when detected early and addressed with healthy lifestyle choices.

As the world marks World Diabetes Day 2025 under the theme “Empowering Lives Through Early Detection and Access to Care”, it is a timely reminder that diabetes prevention starts with awareness and action. CFHI joins the global community in calling for affordable access to care, increased access to screening opportunities, education, and quality healthcare services for all. Together, we can build a future where early detection saves lives, and healthy lifestyle choices protect generations from the silent burden of diabetes.

 

 

References

  1. World Health Organization. Diabetes. Geneva: WHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/diabetes
  2. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. Brussels: IDF; 2024. Available from: https://diabetesatlas.org
  3. Herman WH, Ye W, Griffin SJ, et al. Early detection and treatment of type 2 diabetes reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: simulation and trial evidence. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(8):1449–1455. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4512138/
  4. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:393–403. Available from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa012512
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Screening: Who Should Get Tested and When. CDC; 2024. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data-research/research/diabetes-screening-eligible.html
  6. World Health Organization. World Diabetes Day: Prevention and Early Detection of Diabetes. WHO; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/events/detail/2024/11/14/default-calendar/world-diabetes-day-2024
  7. Punch Health Wise. Diabetes patients lament as cost of medications rises from N70,000 to N180,000. Available from: (NAN, 2024)

 

MONDAY HEALTH BURST Read More »

Validation of the 2024 VAPP Annual Implementation Report

16DaysOfActivism, Anxiety Disorder, Child Trafficking, ChildNotBride, Community Development, Cultural practices in Africa /

Representatives from government institutions, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and other key stakeholders convened for the Validation of the 2024 Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP) Annual Implementation Report. The validation meeting followed the submission of implementation reports from all partner organizations working across various states in Nigeria. This annual review served as a critical step in ensuring that the collective efforts to enforce the provisions of the VAPP Act are effectively monitored, measured, and reported in line with national gender and human rights priorities.

During the session, participants engaged in a rigorous process of reviewing, harmonizing, and validating submitted data to ensure accuracy, consistency, and accountability. Data validation was particularly focused on the documentation of reported cases, interventions, and outcomes achieved by different implementing partners under the year in review. The process also helped strengthen coordination among stakeholders by identifying discrepancies, aligning indicators, and updating performance records to reflect the true extent of progress made in addressing Gender-Based Violence (GBV) nationwide.

The meeting further provided a platform for sharing experiences, success stories, and best practices from the field. Participants discussed major achievements such as increased community awareness of the VAPP Act, improved case management systems, and enhanced collaboration between law enforcement agencies and service providers. However, they also highlighted existing gaps, including inadequate funding, limited data disaggregation, weak referral mechanisms in some states, and the need for continuous capacity strengthening at both state and local levels.

In conclusion, stakeholders reaffirmed their collective commitment to the effective implementation of the VAPP Act and to sustaining the momentum toward eliminating all forms of violence, particularly against women and girls. The validation exercise underscored the importance of evidence-based reporting, accountability, and multi-sectoral collaboration in achieving a violence-free society. Participants called for continuous engagement between government and non-state actors to ensure that future reports reflect not only activities and outputs but also the real impact of interventions on the lives of survivors and vulnerable populations across Nigeria.

Validation of the 2024 VAPP Annual Implementation Report Read More »

  1. Pages:
  2. 1
  3. 2