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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

Female Genital Mutilation /

Last week, we explored the Impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) on Reproductive Health, shedding light on how this practice affects women’s reproductive systems and their overall well-being. This week’s article serves as a continuation, delving deeper into the immediate and long-term health risks associated with FGM.

Immediate Health Risks

  1. Severe Pain and Shock: The procedure is often performed without anesthesia, causing unbearable pain and trauma, which can lead to shock and, in extreme cases, death.
  2. Excessive Bleeding (Hemorrhage): Due to the crude instruments used, excessive bleeding is a common complication, which can result in fatal blood loss.
  3. Infections: Unhygienic conditions and unsterilized tools increase the risk of infections, including tetanus and sepsis.
  4. Urinary Complications: Swelling and damage to the urethra can lead to painful urination and urinary retention.
  5. Death: A combination of severe bleeding, shock, and infections can result in the immediate death of the victim.

Long-Term Health Consequences

  1. Chronic Pain: Scar tissue and nerve damage often result in persistent pain and discomfort.
  2. Menstrual Problems: Obstruction caused by scar tissue can lead to painful and irregular menstrual cycles.
  3. Increased Risk of Infections: FGM increases susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.
  4. Complications in Childbirth: Women who have undergone FGM face a higher risk of prolonged labor, obstructed childbirth, postpartum hemorrhage, and stillbirth.
  5. Sexual Dysfunction: The removal of sensitive genital tissues reduces sexual pleasure and can lead to painful intercourse, negatively impacting intimate relationships.
  6. Psychological and Emotional Trauma: Victims of FGM often suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and a sense of loss.

Female Genital Mutilation remains a grave violation of human rights with devastating health consequences. Eradicating this practice demands a collaborative effort from governments, health organizations, community leaders, and activists. Education, awareness campaigns, and the empowerment of women and girls are crucial in ending FGM and protecting future generations from its harmful effects.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON IMPACT OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Monday Health Burst, Stop FGM /

The Impact of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) on Reproductive Health

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice involving the partial or total removal of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons. Prevalent in various regions across the world, it has severe consequences on women’s reproductive health. According to United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), over 230 million girls and women have been cut worldwide, with Africa accounting for the largest share at over 144 million.

FGM often leads to severe pain, excessive bleeding, infections, and even death due to non-sterile procedures. In the long term, women face chronic infections, painful intercourse due to scarring, complications during childbirth, menstrual problems, and in severe cases, fistula formation leading to continuous urine or fecal leakage. Additionally, FGM contributes to PTSD, anxiety, depression, and social stigma, impacting relationships and self-esteem.

Efforts to eradicate FGM include global advocacy, legal enforcement, and community education. Many organizations promote alternative rites of passage to replace the practice while respecting cultural traditions.

As part of this ongoing fight, the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI) actively engages in grassroots advocacy. In 2023, CFHI observed the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation by educating over 60 female residents of Umuawuka Village in Emii, Owerri, Imo State on the dangers of FGM and the importance of its eradication. Through awareness campaigns, CFHI continues to empower communities with knowledge and resources to end this harmful practice.

FGM is a human rights violation with lasting reproductive health effects. Raising awareness and strengthening legal frameworks are crucial in eliminating this harmful practice.

Reference:

https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/

 

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON PERSONALITY DISORDER; CAUSES, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT

Uncategorized /

Personality disorders are mental health conditions characterized by enduring patterns of behavior, thinking, and emotions that deviate significantly from cultural expectations. These patterns often lead to difficulties in relationships, work, and daily functioning, causing distress for both the individuals affected and those around them.

The causes of personality disorders are complex and not fully understood. However, several factors are believed to contribute to their development. Genetics play a role, as a family history of mental health conditions can increase the likelihood of these disorders. Early childhood experiences, such as trauma, neglect, or an unstable environment, are also significant contributors. Environmental factors, including chronic stress or exposure to dysfunctional relationships, further shape personality development. Additionally, abnormalities in brain structure or neurotransmitter activity may influence emotional regulation and behavior, making some individuals more susceptible to developing a personality disorder.

Symptoms of personality disorders vary depending on the specific type, such as borderline, narcissistic, or antisocial personality disorder. However, common signs include persistent difficulties in forming and maintaining relationships, intense emotional fluctuations, and impulsive or self-destructive behavior. Many individuals with these conditions struggle with adapting to social or cultural expectations, and they may exhibit extreme sensitivity to criticism or rejection. These symptoms typically emerge during adolescence or early adulthood and often persist without appropriate intervention.

Treatment for personality disorders focuses on helping individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Psychotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment, with approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) proving particularly effective. These therapies help individuals recognize and modify negative thought patterns while teaching emotional regulation and interpersonal skills. While there is no specific medication to cure personality disorders, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, or antipsychotics may be prescribed to address associated symptoms such as anxiety or mood instability. Support networks, including family therapy or peer support groups, can also provide emotional reinforcement and reduce stigma.

Recovery is further supported by lifestyle adjustments that promote overall well-being. Practices such as mindfulness, regular physical activity, and stress management can complement professional treatments. Although personality disorders can be challenging, early diagnosis and consistent intervention can significantly improve outcomes, enabling individuals to build healthier relationships and lead more fulfilling lives.

If you or someone you know exhibits symptoms of a personality disorder, seeking professional help is a crucial step toward understanding and managing the condition effectively. With the right support, recovery is not only possible but achievable.

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION: A TRADITION OF HARM

1 Comment / Female Genital Mutilation, Women /

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) remains a widespread practice in Nigeria, performed under the guise of tradition, cultural pride, or morality. It involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia for non-medical reasons, often carried out on young girls with crude tools and no anaesthesia.

FGM is deeply harmful, leading to immediate risks such as excessive bleeding, infections, and even death. Survivors often face long-term health complications, including chronic pain, difficulty during childbirth, and psychological trauma. Despite no medical benefits, it persists in many Nigerian communities, particularly in the South-South, South-East, and South-West regions. According to the National Demographic and Health Survey, nearly 20% of Nigerian women aged 15–49 have undergone FGM.

Why Does It Continue?

FGM persists due to:

  • Cultural and Social Norms: Many believe it ensures purity or prepares girls for marriage.
  • Patriarchy: It reinforces control over women’s bodies.
  • Economic Motives: Traditional practitioners depend on it for income.

Although Nigeria criminalized FGM under the Violence Against Persons Prohibition (VAPP) Act, 2015, enforcement is weak, especially in rural areas. Advocacy groups and survivors are leading education campaigns to challenge myths, empower women, and engage traditional leaders in changing harmful norms.

Ending FGM requires stronger legal enforcement, education, and accessible healthcare for survivors. Community-driven initiatives must replace harmful practices with traditions that celebrate and uplift women.

FGM is not just a cultural practice; it is a form of violence. By confronting its roots and empowering communities, Nigeria can protect future generations from this harmful tradition.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #EndFGM #GenderEquality #StopGBV #ProtectOurGirls #BreakTheSilence

 

References:

  • National Population Commission (NPC) and ICF. (2019). Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2018. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). (2023). “Female Genital Mutilation in Nigeria.”
  • Federal Government of Nigeria. Violence Against Persons Prohibition Act, 2015.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON THE HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF GENDER BASED VIOLENCE

Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Monday Health Burst /

Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is a grave human rights violation with profound and far-reaching effects on the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It manifests in various forms, including physical, sexual, psychological, and economic harm, stemming from entrenched gender norms and power imbalances. The impact of GBV extends beyond the immediate survivors, affecting public health systems, economic productivity, and societal stability.

The physical consequences of GBV are often severe and enduring. Survivors frequently suffer injuries such as fractures, bruises, burns, and, in cases of sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, and complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and chronic pain. For pregnant women, GBV can lead to miscarriage, preterm labor, and low birth weight, posing risks to both maternal and child health. These physical effects often require extensive medical attention, straining healthcare resources.

An illustrative example is an intervention by the Centre for Family Health Initiative (CFHI), where a maid who was molested by her caregiver suffered severe damage to her genital organs. CFHI provided critical medical assistance, ensuring she received treatment until her full recovery. This case highlights the physical devastation of GBV and the vital role of timely medical intervention in mitigating long-term harm.

The psychological toll of GBV is equally devastating. Survivors commonly experience anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and, in many cases, suicidal thoughts or behaviors. The trauma inflicted by abuse often disrupts cognitive and emotional functioning, leading to difficulties in personal relationships, social interactions, and daily activities. For children exposed to GBV, the consequences are particularly alarming, as they may develop behavioral problems, emotional distress, and long-term mental health challenges that can persist into adulthood.

In addition to mental health impacts, GBV has dire effects on reproductive and sexual health. Survivors of sexual violence face heightened risks of infections, including HIV/AIDS, as well as unintended pregnancies and complications from unsafe abortions. The stigma associated with such violence often deters survivors from seeking necessary medical attention, exacerbating health problems, and deepening feelings of isolation and shame.

Beyond individual health outcomes, the public health implications of GBV are vast. Healthcare systems are often overwhelmed by the demand for services, including medical treatment and psychological support for survivors. Maternal mortality rates, the spread of sexually transmitted infections, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma further strain public health infrastructures.

The societal and economic costs of GBV are equally alarming. Survivors may lose their livelihoods due to physical or psychological impairments, contributing to decreased productivity and financial instability. This not only affects individuals and their families but also undermines national development, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality. The economic burden of GBV, which includes healthcare costs, legal expenses, and lost workforce participation, highlights the urgency of addressing this pervasive issue.

To mitigate the impact of GBV, a multifaceted approach is essential. Governments must enforce robust legal frameworks to protect survivors and prosecute perpetrators, while healthcare providers must integrate GBV screening and survivor-centered care into their services. Community-level interventions are critical for challenging harmful gender norms and fostering awareness, creating an environment where GBV is recognized and condemned. Providing accessible support systems, such as counseling, safe shelters, and legal aid, is equally vital to helping survivors rebuild their lives.

The health impacts of GBV underscore its significance as a public health crisis that requires immediate and sustained action. Addressing the root causes of GBV and providing comprehensive care for survivors is not just a moral imperative but a societal necessity. By prioritizing the fight against GBV, societies can promote health, equality, and well-being for all, paving the way for a more just and equitable future.

Reference:

Gender based violence is a public health issue: using a health systems approach

 

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON EMPATHY IN ACTION: MENS’S ROLE IN ENDING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

Gender Based Violence, Gender Equality, Speak Wednesday /

On the occasion of International Men’s Day yesterday, we are reminded of the transformative power men hold in eliminating violence against women. This issue impacts one in three women globally, according to UN Women, and addressing it requires an inclusive, empathetic approach.

Violence is Not Inherent—It’s Learned

Research by World Health Organization (WHO) shows that violence is often learned during childhood, and men who grow up in violent environments are statistically more likely to perpetuate such behavior later in life.WHO emphasises that children exposed to abuse are at a greater risk of becoming perpetrators of violence in adulthood.

Anthony Keedi, from the ABAAD Resource Centre for Gender Equality, emphasizes that violence is not a natural trait in men but a learned behavior shaped by societal expectations. Transforming this requires teaching men that masculinity includes caregiving and emotional expression, fostering respect instead of dominance.

Pathway to Change

According to the MenEngage Alliance, embracing positive masculinity is a crucial step. Men must reject harmful stereotypes that equate strength with control and instead model behaviors rooted in empathy and equality. When men publicly advocate for these changes, they inspire others in their communities to shift perspectives.​

Also, silence is complicity. Men have the privilege to challenge misogynistic behaviors and advocate for change in their communities. From workplaces to social circles, speaking up fosters new norms where violence is intolerable.

Ending violence against women isn’t just about protecting women; it’s about building a society where everyone thrives. When men actively participate in this cause, they not only support gender equality but also unlock greater emotional freedom for themselves. A world free of violence benefits all genders, fostering healthier families and communities.

Men have the power to redefine their roles in relationships and society at large. By leading with empathy, they can bridge the gap between acknowledging the issue and being part of the solution.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #EmpathyInAction #EndViolence #InternationalMensDay #GenderEquality

References:

  1. MenEngage Alliance
  2. OHCHR
  3. UN Women
  4. World Health Organization (WHO)

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON PREVENTING UTIs: WHY TOILET HYGIENE MATTERS

Monday Health Burst, WHO /

Preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) begins with understanding the importance of toilet hygiene. UTIs, a common health issue affecting millions globally, occur when harmful bacteria enter the urinary system, causing discomfort, pain, and potentially severe complications like kidney infections. Poor toilet hygiene is a leading cause of UTIs, as it can introduce bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), from the digestive tract into the urinary system. Practices like improper wiping or neglecting to wash hands after using the restroom significantly increase the risk of infection.

To reduce the likelihood of UTIs, it’s essential to adopt proper hygiene practices. Wiping from front to back prevents bacteria from the anal area from reaching the urethra, while thorough handwashing eliminates germs that could spread to other surfaces or the body. Keeping the genital area clean and dry is equally important since damp environments encourage bacterial growth. Regularly cleaning toilets, whether at home or in public spaces, also minimizes exposure to harmful bacteria. Avoiding the habit of holding urine is crucial, as regular urination flushes out bacteria, preventing them from multiplying.

Staying hydrated is another vital aspect of UTI prevention. Drinking plenty of water helps dilute urine and flush out bacteria, promoting frequent urination that naturally cleanses the urinary tract. This practice, combined with good hygiene, creates a strong defense against infections.

Women, due to their shorter urethras, are more prone to UTIs, making toilet hygiene even more critical. Specific measures, such as avoiding harsh soaps and wearing breathable cotton underwear, help reduce irritation and bacterial growth.

In 2020, CFHI commemorated World Toilet Day in Saburi Community, Abuja, where over 55 community members were sensitized on the dangers of open defecation, the importance of proper hygiene practices, the need to promote climate action, and the benefits of embracing effective waste disposal methods. This impactful initiative highlighted CFHI’s dedication to improving sanitation, fostering healthier living conditions, and driving environmental sustainability within the community.

Toilet hygiene, when paired with good hydration and regular urination habits, serves as a powerful tool in preventing UTIs and promoting overall urinary tract health. By maintaining these simple yet effective practices, individuals can protect their health and avoid the discomfort of infections. Prevention is always better than cure, and prioritizing hygiene is a step toward long-term well-being.

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SPEAK WEDNESDAY ON IMPACT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON CHILDREN’S MENTAL HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Speak Wednesday, WHO /

Domestic violence is a shadow that reaches far beyond the immediate victims. When violence seeps into a home, it affects everyone, especially children, who often become silent witnesses to trauma and suffering. The impact of domestic violence on children’s mental health and development is a pressing concern that many may overlook. The psychological toll of exposure to violence in childhood can have lasting effects on a child’s mental well-being, social skills, and overall development.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that children exposed to violence are at greater risk of developing mental health disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety, sometimes beginning as early as in childhood and potentially lasting a lifetime​. This exposure can lead to significant emotional turmoil, with many children experiencing constant fear, self-doubt, and an inability to trust, making it difficult for them to form stable, healthy relationships later in life

The stress and trauma associated with domestic violence can impair a child’s cognitive development, impacting their ability to concentrate, learn, and socialize. Studies from the National Institute of Mental Health show that children growing up in violent households are more likely to struggle academically and have difficulty processing emotions and handling conflict in constructive ways​. This may manifest in behavioural issues, aggressive responses, or social withdrawal.

Additionally, these children are at higher risk of substance abuse and other forms of self-destructive behaviour as they attempt to cope with unresolved trauma​. ~ American Psychological Association.

Breaking the cycle of domestic violence requires comprehensive approaches that involve not only supporting survivors but also recognizing and addressing the needs of children affected by this trauma. Educational programs that promote awareness, early intervention efforts, and accessible counselling services for children are essential to helping young people recover and build healthy lives. By investing in resources that support children’s mental health, communities can help mitigate the impacts of domestic violence on future generations. Through collective efforts, we can create safe environments that foster resilience and healing, ensuring a brighter, healthier future for all children.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #EndDomesticViolence #ProtectOurChildren #BreakTheCycle #SupportMentalHealth #FutureWithoutViolence

References

  • World Health Organization. (2021). Violence against children. Retrieved from WHO.
  • National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Children’s exposure to violence and mental health. Retrieved from NIMH.
  • American Psychological Association. (2020). Impact of childhood trauma on mental health. Retrieved from APA.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Childhood trauma and public health. Retrieved from CDC.
  • (2022). Supporting children affected by domestic violence. Retrieved from UNICEF.

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MONDAY HEALTH BURST ON HEART HEALTH IN MEN: REDUCING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK

Uncategorized /

The World Health Organization reports that in 2019, an estimated 17.9 million people died from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), accounting for 32% of all global deaths.1 As a leading cause of death among men worldwide, cardiovascular disease presents significant but often preventable risks. By understanding these risk factors and adopting healthy lifestyle changes, men can take proactive steps to greatly reduce their chances of developing heart-related conditions.

CVD encompasses various conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, including heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure. Men, especially in middle age, face higher risks due to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. As men tend to develop CVD at younger ages than women, early prevention is critical.

Several modifiable risk factors contribute to CVD in men. High blood pressure is a common cause, as it damages arteries and strains the heart. Managing blood pressure through regular monitoring, reducing sodium intake, and managing stress is essential. High LDL (bad) cholesterol, another major risk, can lead to artery blockages. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats can help maintain cholesterol levels.

Smoking greatly raises heart disease risk by damaging blood vessels and lowering oxygen levels in the blood, making quitting one of the most impactful steps toward a healthier heart. Physical inactivity also increases the risk of heart disease; regular exercise strengthens the heart, improves circulation, and controls weight, blood pressure, and cholesterol. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.

Diabetes is another risk factor, as high blood sugar can damage blood vessels. Managing diabetes through proper diet, regular exercise, and medication reduces the risk.

Men can improve heart health with a few practical lifestyle changes. Adopting a heart-healthy diet that includes low saturated fats, high fiber, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins is crucial, along with incorporating omega-3-rich foods like salmon and walnuts, which promote cardiovascular health. Regular exercise is also essential, as it strengthens the heart and boosts circulation. Maintaining a healthy weight is particularly important, as obesity increases the risk of heart disease and related conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes. Even modest weight loss can lead to significant heart health benefits.

Stress management is another key component of heart health. Chronic stress can contribute to high blood pressure and unhealthy coping mechanisms such as overeating or smoking. Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help manage stress.

Finally, routine check-ups allow for early detection and monitoring of blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels. Discussing family history with a healthcare provider is also crucial for assessing overall risk and creating a personalized plan for heart health.

Reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease is within reach through consistent lifestyle changes and preventive care. A heart-healthy diet, active lifestyle, quitting smoking, stress management, and regular health screenings are all effective ways to lower the risk of heart disease. By prioritizing heart health today, men can prevent complications and enjoy a longer, healthier life.

Reference:

  1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)

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SPEAK WEDNESDASY ON PROTECTING OUR FUTURE: COMBATING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE

Gender Based Violence, Speak Wednesday, WHO /

Gender-based violence (GBV) leaves lifelong scars, particularly when it affects young people. Children and adolescents worldwide experience violence in environments meant to be safe—homes, schools, and communities. Addressing this problem early in life is essential, as GBV in childhood not only affects immediate well-being but also shapes a young person’s future.

Adolescent girls are especially vulnerable to forms of GBV like early marriage and sexual violence. The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights that one in four girls will experience sexual violence before reaching adulthood, often in environments where cultural norms uphold gender inequalities and prioritize male dominance. UNICEF adds that boys also experience GBV in unique ways, facing pressures to adopt aggressive behaviour in alignment with rigid views of masculinity. These pressures often lead boys to both experience and perpetuate violence later in life, continuing a cycle that affects future generations.

Protecting children from GBV is an ongoing effort that requires commitment from everyone—parents, educators, community leaders, and policymakers. Addressing gender-based violence (GBV) in children and adolescents requires a combination of education, community support, and legal protections. Education in schools and communities about respect, equality, and personal rights is crucial. By raising awareness on GBV prevention and empowering young people to understand their rights, communities can help prevent violence before it begins. Together, we can build a future where young people are free to grow up in safety and pursue their potential. Ending GBV among youth is not just about safety; it’s about creating a foundation of respect and equality that will shape the generations to come.

Speak Wednesday is an initiative of CFHI to address issues around gender-based violence and gender bias.

#SpeakWednesday #EndChildViolence #ProtectOurFuture #StopGBV #YouthSafety #BreakTheCycle #GenderEquality ##GenderJustice

 

References

  1. World Health Organization (WHO). Preventing Violence Against Children and Adolescents, WHO, 2023
  2. UNICEF. Safe to Learn: Protecting Children in Schools, UNICEF, 2023
  3. UNICEF Nigeria. Child Protection Programs and Gender-Based Violence, UNICEF Nigeria, 2023

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